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Demographic statistics are the quantitative study of human populations, measuring their size, structure, and the factors that drive change (such as fertility, mortality, and migration). These metrics are essential for government policy, economic planning, and organizational strategy.
Key Demographic Metrics
- Population Size: The total number of people living in a specific area at a given time.
- Age Structure: Often visualized via a population pyramid, this categorizes individuals into age cohorts (e.g., 0–14, 15–64, and 65+).
- Sex Ratio: The proportion of males to females within a population or specific age group.
- Vital Rates:
- Birth Rate: Annual births per 1,000 people.
- Death Rate: Annual deaths per 1,000 people.
- Fertility Rate: The average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime.
- Infant Mortality Rate: The number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births.
- Dependency Ratios: A measure of the ratio of dependents (young and elderly) to the working-age population.
- Migration: The net movement of people into or out of a country/region.
Snapshot: Indonesia (2026)
| Metric | 2026 Estimate |
|---|---|
| Total Population | ~288 million |
| Median Age | 30.7 years |
| Urbanization | 60.3% |
| Working Age (15–64) | ~70.7% |
| Population Density | 159 people/km² |
Data Sources and Collection
- Census: Conducted every 5–10 years to provide a baseline for population counts.
- Administrative Data: Real-time data from birth/death certificates, marriage licenses, and migration records.
- Surveys: Household or labor force surveys fill gaps between censuses.
- Global Databases:
- UN World Population Prospects (WPP)
- Worldometer
- Global Data Lab
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