CONVER($)TION

Pure Substances and State Changes

Pure substances can change their state into solid, liquid, or gas (vapour) depending on the surrounding temperature and pressure.

Examples of Elements by State (At Room Temperature)

• Solid: Iron (Fe), Gold (Au), Carbon (C), Copper (Cu).
• Liquid: Mercury (Hg), Bromine (Br).
• Gas/Vapour: Oxygen (O₂), Hydrogen (H₂), Nitrogen (N₂).

Phase Changes of Elements

• Melting: Solid to liquid due to heating (e.g., melting iron).
• Freezing: Liquid to solid due to cooling (e.g., freezing liquid mercury below -39 °C).
• Evaporation: Liquid to gas/vapour (e.g., boiling liquid into gas).
• Condensation: Gas/vapour turning back into liquid as temperature drops.
• Sublimation: Solid directly to vapour without melting first (e.g., Iodine and dry ice).

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Explore Further

• Are you looking for a specific chemical element that easily demonstrates all three states?
• Would you like to explore phase diagrams?
• Do you need this information for a specific school grade or topic?

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