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In computer programming, IF–ELSE is generally called a:

Conditional Statement

or

Selection Statement / Selection Control Structure

It is used to make a decision based on whether a condition is TRUE or FALSE.

Term	Meaning
Conditional Statement	A statement that executes code based on a condition
Selection Statement	A control structure that selects which code to execute
Decision-Making Statement	Describes its purpose: making a program decision
Branching Statement	Emphasizes that program execution branches into different paths
IF Statement	Executes code when a condition is true
IF–ELSE Statement	Chooses between two alternative paths

Basic structure

IF (condition) {
    // execute when TRUE
}
ELSE {
    // execute when FALSE
}

For example:

if (age >= 18) {
    System.out.println("Adult");
} else {
    System.out.println("Minor");
}

So, if you are classifying program control structures, a common hierarchy is:

CONTROL STRUCTURES
│
├── 1. SEQUENCE
│
├── 2. SELECTION / CONDITIONAL
│      ├── if
│      ├── if-else
│      ├── if-else-if
│      └── switch-case
│
└── 3. ITERATION / LOOPING
       ├── for
       ├── while
       └── do-while

Best general term: Selection (Conditional) Control Structure.