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Inheritance & Polymorphism

Side‑by‑side Java snippet · similarity & difference

🧬 Inheritance extends	🎭 Polymorphism @Override
// Parent class class BankAccount { protected double balance; public void deposit(double amt) { balance += amt; System.out.println("Deposited: " + amt); } } // Child inherits structure + behavior class SavingsAccount extends BankAccount { private double interestRate; public void addInterest() { balance += balance * interestRate; } } // Usage – reuse via inheritance SavingsAccount sa = new SavingsAccount(); sa.deposit(500); // inherited sa.addInterest(); // own	// Parent defines common interface class BankAccount { protected double balance; public void deposit(double amt) { balance += amt; System.out.println("Deposited: " + amt); } // overridden by subclass public void accountType() { System.out.println("Generic account"); } } class SavingsAccount extends BankAccount { @Override public void accountType() { System.out.println("Savings account"); } } // Same call → different behavior BankAccount acc = new SavingsAccount(); acc.accountType(); // "Savings account"
✅ Similarities Both use extends to build a parent–child relationship. Both share the same parent class (BankAccount) as a common blueprint. The child (SavingsAccount) inherits fields like balance and methods like deposit(). Both enable code reuse — common logic lives only in the superclass. Both are core pillars of OOP and appear together in real class diagrams.
⚠️ Differences Purpose: Inheritance = reuse structure; Polymorphism = vary behavior. Mechanism: Inheritance uses extends; polymorphism uses @Override (method overriding). Behavior: Inherited deposit() runs identically; overridden accountType() runs differently. Reference type: Polymorphism allows BankAccount acc = new SavingsAccount() — inheritance alone does not. Diagram symbol: Inheritance = hollow triangle ▷; polymorphism = dynamic dispatch / override note.

🔑 Key insight: Both snippets share the same parent class and inheritance structure — but the right side adds overriding, turning a static “is‑a” relationship into a dynamic, interchangeable behavior. Inheritance gives the blueprint; polymorphism lets you swap the behavior behind a common interface.