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Inheritance vs Polymorphism

Class Diagram Concept

Aspect	🧬 Inheritance	🎭 Polymorphism
🧬 Inheritance	is‑a hierarchy code reuse Definition & Purpose: A child class acquires attributes and methods from a parent class. Establishes an “is‑a” relationship (e.g., Car → Vehicle). Class diagram: solid line + hollow triangle ▷ pointing to the superclass. Example: SavingsAccount & CurrentAccount inherit from BankAccount.	same call · different response flexible design Definition & Purpose: Different classes respond to the same method call in different ways. Allows objects of different subclasses to be treated as a common supertype. Class diagram: achieved via method overriding (same name, different implementation) or interfaces. Example: Shape has draw(); subclasses Circle, Square override it.
🎭 Polymorphism	generalization arrow parent‑child Representation & Example: Solid line with hollow triangle ▷ (e.g., from SavingsAccount to BankAccount). Shared attributes: accountNumber, balance. Shared methods: deposit(), withdraw(). ⚡ Reuses structure & behavior	method overriding interfaces / abstract Representation & Example: Same method signature, different implementations in subclasses. Shape.draw() is overridden by Circle.draw(), Square.draw(), Triangle.draw(). 🎯 Varies behavior through common interface

🔑 Key takeaway: Inheritance is about reusing structure through a parent‑child hierarchy; polymorphism is about varying behavior through a common interface. They often work together — polymorphism frequently relies on inheritance or interfaces.