BORN FROM WHERE? OF WHO?

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The name Ephialtes (Greek: Ἐφιάλτης) refers to two major figures in ancient Greek history and mythology, both defined by acts of monumental transgression—either against the gods or their fellow Greeks.

Ephialtes of Trachis (Historical Traitor)

• The Betrayal: A Malian citizen who played a decisive, infamous role in the Greco-Persian Wars. In 480 BC, seeking wealth and a reward from the Persian king Xerxes I, Ephialtes revealed a secret mountain path (the Anopaea path) around the pass of Thermopylae.
• The Outcome: This intelligence allowed the Persian army to outflank and surround King Leonidas and his rear guard of 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians, destroying the Greek defensive formation.
• Aftermath: Denied his reward after the Persian defeat, Ephialtes fled into exile with a bounty placed on his head by the Amphictyonic League. He was killed around 470 BC by a local named Athenades for reasons unrelated to his treason, though the Spartans rewarded his killer regardless. His name remains synonymous with "nightmare" in modern Greek (εφιάλτης) and stands as the ultimate archetype of betrayal in Western history.

Ephialtes the Giant (Mythological Figure)

• The Aloadae: In Greek mythology, Ephialtes was one of the twin giants known as the Aloadae, born to Poseidon and Iphimedeia. Along with his brother Otus, he grew at an astonishing rate and possessed immense physical power.
• Defiance of Olympus: Driven by extreme hubris, the brothers challenged the Olympian gods. They successfully captured and bound the war god Ares in a bronze jar for 13 months, and attempted to scale heaven by stacking Mount Pelion upon Mount Ossa.
• Downfall: The gods defeated them through trickery rather than raw force. During a pursuit of the goddess Artemis, she transformed into a deer and leaped between the brothers. Eager to strike the animal, Ephialtes and Otus threw their javelins simultaneously, missed the target, and accidentally killed one another.