Stress and Strength in Technical Materials – Mechanical Engineering (Source: ChatGPT)

Let’s break down Stress and Strain under Mechanical Engineering → Technical Material with a clear explanation and a visual diagram.

SOURCE: ChatGPT and Gemini

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⚙️ Stress vs. Strength

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1. Stress (σ)

• Definition:
  Stress is the internal resistance developed within a material when an external force is applied.
  It describes how much load per unit area is acting inside the material.

• Formula:

  $$\sigma = \frac{F}{A}$$

  where:

  • $F$ = Applied force (N)

  • $A$ = Cross-sectional area (m² or mm²)

• Unit: Pascal (Pa) or N/m² (often MPa in engineering).

• Key Point:
  Stress is a response of the material under load — not a fixed property of the material.
  (e.g., Two beams of different size under the same force will experience different stresses).

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2. Strength

• Definition:
  Strength is the ability of a material to resist failure (like yielding, breaking, or deforming) when subjected to stress.
  It is a material property determined by testing.

• Types of Strength:

  • Tensile Strength: Resistance to being pulled apart.

  • Compressive Strength: Resistance to being squashed.

  • Shear Strength: Resistance to sliding forces.

  • Yield Strength: Stress at which permanent deformation begins.

  • Ultimate Strength: Maximum stress a material can withstand.

• Key Point:
  Strength is a limit or threshold beyond which the material cannot withstand stress without failing.

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📊 Comparison: Stress vs Strength

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👉 In short:

• Stress = What is happening inside the material under load.

• Strength = The maximum stress the material can take before failing.

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Here is a visual explanation of the difference between strength and stress.

In simple terms:

• Stress is the internal force that particles of an object exert on each other. Think of it as the object's internal resistance to an external force. It's like the tension you feel in a rubber band when you stretch it. напряжение

• Strength is the maximum amount of stress an object can withstand before it breaks or permanently deforms. It's the rubber band's breaking point. 💪

Here's a breakdown of the key differences: